Trust Layer · Data Sources & Provenance

Where the data comes from

Every salary range on Equaly/xx.ai is backed by official European statistics or validated survey data. This page explains each source — what it is, how it works, and how we use it.

7,818 records 5 official sources 9% verified by official government or EU statistics
7,818
Salary records
9%
Official stats
5
Official sources
1
Community records
Provenance

Our data sources

Listed in order of data type: official government statistics first, followed by validated surveys and network data.

Official — government or EU statistics office Survey — validated salary survey Network — employment services data Combined — blended from two sources Estimated — modelled from official indices Community — anonymised HR professional contributions
EU statistical authority
Eurostat Labour Force Survey
Official

The European Union Labour Force Survey (EU-LFS) is the largest European sample survey providing data on the labour market. It covers employment, unemployment, and earnings across all EU member states. The LFS uses a standardised questionnaire across all national statistical institutes.

Countries covered
🇦🇹 Austria 🇧🇪 Belgium 🇩🇪 Germany 🇩🇰 Denmark 🇪🇸 Spain 🇫🇮 Finland 🇫🇷 France 🇮🇹 Italy 🇳🇱 Netherlands 🇵🇱 PL 🇵🇹 Portugal 🇸🇪 Sweden
264 records
Latest: 2025-Q4
Annual
Standardised household survey coordinated across all EU member states
EU statistical authority
Eurostat Structure of Earnings Survey
Official

Eurostat is the statistical office of the European Union. The Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) is a four-yearly survey providing harmonised data on gross annual earnings across EU member states. It covers establishments with 10 or more employees in NACE sections B–S.

Countries covered
🇩🇪 Germany 🇪🇸 Spain 🇫🇷 France 🇮🇹 Italy 🇸🇪 Sweden
132 records
Latest: 2025-Q2
Four-yearly (latest cycle: 2022, released 2024)
Harmonised employer survey across EU member states
National statistics office
Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek
Official

CBS is the Dutch government's official statistics agency. Its Structure of Earnings Survey (Arbeidsmarkt in Cijfers) provides comprehensive data on wages, hours and working conditions in the Netherlands. Data is collected from registered employers and is mandatory for covered organisations.

Countries covered
🇳🇱 Netherlands
124 records
Latest: 2025-Q2
Annual (Q4 release for prior year)
Mandatory employer survey + administrative records
National statistics office
Statistics Sweden (Statistiska centralbyrån)
Official

SCB (Statistics Sweden) is Sweden's official government statistics agency. Its Short-term Employment Statistics (KS) and Wage and Salary Statistics provide official earnings data covering all sectors of the Swedish economy. The data is collected from all Swedish employers through administrative registers.

Countries covered
🇸🇪 Sweden
62 records
Latest: 2025-Q1
Annual (quarterly short-term statistics also available)
Mandatory employer reporting + administrative wage register
National statistics office
Statistisches Bundesamt (German Federal Statistical Office)
Official

DESTATIS is the German Federal Statistical Office. It publishes official earnings data from the Structure of Earnings Survey (Verdienststrukturerhebung) and the Quarterly Earnings Survey (Verdiensterhebung), covering all sectors of the German economy. Data collection is mandatory for sampled employers.

Countries covered
🇩🇪 Germany
12 records
Latest: 2025-Q1
Annual (SES every four years; quarterly short-term data)
Mandatory employer survey + administrative earnings records
Research foundation / salary survey
WageIndicator Foundation
Survey

WageIndicator is an international, nonprofit foundation collecting salary data through online surveys and partnered labour market research. Data is validated using statistical weighting methods and cross-referenced against national wage statistics. Provides granular occupation-level salary data across more than 100 countries.

Countries covered
🇦🇹 Austria 🇧🇪 Belgium 🇩🇪 Germany 🇩🇰 Denmark 🇪🇸 Spain 🇫🇮 Finland 🇫🇷 France 🇮🇹 Italy 🇳🇱 Netherlands 🇸🇪 Sweden
880 records
Latest: 2025-Q4
Continuous (quarterly aggregations)
Online salary survey with statistical validation and weighting
Combined official + survey
Eurostat × WageIndicator (Combined)
Combined

A combined source record that averages Eurostat Structure of Earnings data with WageIndicator survey data for the same occupation and country. Used where a single source alone has limited coverage; the combination improves sample depth for select role-country combinations.

Countries covered
🇩🇪 Germany 🇫🇷 France
8 records
Latest: 2025-Q2
Aligned to underlying source cadences
Weighted average of Eurostat SES and WageIndicator survey responses
Modelled estimates
Market Estimates (Modelled)
Estimated

Market Estimates are modelled salary figures generated by extrapolating from official national statistical indices (CBS, Eurostat SES, SCB, DESTATIS) to fill occupation-country combinations not covered by primary official surveys. They are derived from regression models trained on verified official data and applied to ESCO occupation codes with documented NACE sector weights. These records supplement — but do not replace — primary official data. Where official data exists for a role and country, it always takes precedence. Range cards relying solely on Market Estimates are capped at Moderate confidence.

Countries covered
🇦🇹 Austria 🇧🇪 Belgium 🌍 CH 🇨🇿 CZ 🇩🇪 Germany 🇩🇰 Denmark 🇪🇸 Spain 🇫🇮 Finland 🇫🇷 France 🇮🇪 Ireland 🇮🇹 Italy 🇳🇱 Netherlands 🇵🇱 PL 🇸🇪 Sweden
6,336 records
Latest: 2026-Q1
Refreshed quarterly alongside official source updates
Statistical modelling from official national salary indices (CBS, Eurostat SES, SCB, DESTATIS)
Fourth trust tier

HR Community Contributions

Anonymised salary bands submitted by HR professionals and compensation specialists.

HR Professional Community
Equaly/xx.ai Community Benchmark
Community

HR professionals and compensation specialists contribute anonymised salary bands — P25, P50 and P75 — for roles and countries they know well from first-hand experience. Each contribution is reviewed by the Equaly/xx.ai team for plausibility before being used. Community data supplements — not replaces — official statistics; it is used only to improve confidence scores for roles where official data is thin.

1 submissions received
0 validated
1 roles covered
1 countries
How community data is used

Methodology & validation

1
Submission
An HR professional submits a P25/P50/P75 salary band for a specific ESCO occupation and EU country. No company name, employee name, or personal data is collected.
2
Plausibility review
Our team checks that P25 < P50 < P75, that the median falls within an expected range for that occupation and country, and that the band is not an outlier relative to official sources.
3
Threshold activation
Community data activates only when ≥3 validated contributions exist for the same ESCO occupation and country in the same reporting period. Single contributions are never surfaced directly.
4
Confidence improvement only
Community data improves confidence scores for thin-data ranges (Limited → Moderate). It does not override official statistics — the P25/P75 values in the range card always reflect official sources where available.
5
Transparent attribution
When community data contributes to a range, the Range Builder shows a Community enriched badge on the confidence panel, and "HR Community" appears in the data sources list.
Know a salary band for a role in your market? Contribute it here →
Methodology

How we build a salary range

1
Collect and ingest
Salary records are pulled from official statistics APIs and survey exports. Each record is tagged with its source, country, ESCO occupation code, and reporting period.
2
Normalise to ESCO and EUR
Job titles are mapped to ESCO occupation codes using a standardised lookup. All salaries are converted to gross annual EUR using quarterly exchange rates from the ECB.
3
Select latest quarter
For each role-country combination, we use only the latest available reporting quarter. This avoids mixing data vintages that could distort percentile calculations.
4
Calculate percentiles
P10, P25, P50, P75 and P90 are either taken directly from source data (where published) or approximated using empirically-observed salary distribution ratios. Multi-source combinations use weighted averages.
5
Score confidence
Each output is scored Strong (≥20 records), Moderate (5–19) or Limited (<5) based on how many source records contribute to the latest-quarter estimate. Confidence is surfaced in the UI for every range.
6
Apply optional experience adjustment
If an experience level is selected, the midpoint is adjusted: Entry −20%, Senior +18%, Lead +30% of the mid-market median. All other percentiles scale proportionally.
Usage guidance

How to use Equaly/xx.ai ranges

What you can do with this data

  • Use P25–P75 as your published salary band in job ads
  • Use P50 as the anchor for offers meeting role requirements
  • Use P10/P90 flanks as outer reference points — not published targets
  • Use the rationale note to document your pay decision logic
  • Cite the source and period when sharing ranges internally
  • Use the recruiter brief to brief your hiring team consistently

Limits to be aware of

  • Ranges reflect the market — not your specific internal pay policy
  • Percentiles cover the full occupation group — specialisations may differ
  • Limited-confidence ranges should be cross-checked before external use
  • Currency conversions use ECB quarterly rates — actual values may differ
  • Data vintage varies: some sources update annually, others every four years
Legal disclaimer — Equaly/xx.ai data is sourced from official statistics and validated surveys and is provided for informational purposes only. It does not constitute legal advice, HR advice, or certification of compliance with any national law or the EU Pay Transparency Directive 2023/970. Always validate ranges against your organisation's compensation policy and consult legal counsel for country-specific obligations.
Reference

How to read a percentile range

P10
Lowest 10%
Floor. Indicates the bottom of market. Use as a lower reference only — not a target offer level.
P25
Lower quartile
Low end of the recommended band. Suitable for entry-level candidates or those new to the role.
P50
Median / Midpoint
Market midpoint. The most-used anchor for offers when a candidate fully meets role requirements.
P75
Upper quartile
High end of the recommended band. Suitable for strong, experienced candidates exceeding expectations.
P90
Top 10%
Ceiling. Indicates top-of-market. Use as outer reference only — not a standard offer target.
Ready to build a defensible salary range?
Use the Range Builder to generate a P25–P75 band with confidence scoring and communication artifacts.
Go to Range Builder